Discrete time sequences, linear time invariant systems, convolution sum. Z-transform, properties, transfer function, BIBO stability, Fourier transform of discrete signal. Sampling theorem. Nyquist criterion. Discrete Fourier transform (DFT), circular Convolution, fast Fourier transform (FFT). Transfer function realization schemes; direct, serial and parallel realizations. FIR filter design, linear phase, window sequences. IIR filter design, impulse invariance and bilinear transformations, Butterworth filters. A/D and D/A conversion.