Implementation of Database Management Systems

Introduction to Database Management Systems, differences from File Management Systems, physical characteristics of external storage units (mostly disks), data organization on disks, the concept of a file, buffer management, primary file organizations, secondary file organizations, static and dynamic data structures, ISAM, B+ trees, static and dynamic hashing, external file sorting, relational algebra, processing of relational-algebra operators and corresponding algorithms, processing cost according to the type of index used, optimization of relational algebra queries, the concept of transaction, concurrency control, crash recovery.